Tension-type headache (TTH) is the most common primary headache disorder, classified by the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD-3) into infrequent episodic (under 1 day per month), frequent episodic (1 to 14 days per month) and chronic (15 or more days per month for at least 3 months). The clinical pattern is bilateral pressing or tightening quality, mild to moderate intensity, not aggravated by routine physical activity, with no nausea (mild photophobia or phonophobia may occur in chronic TTH but not both) — differentiating TTH from migraine which is typically unilateral or pulsating, moderate to severe, and aggravated by activity with nausea or photophobia and phonophobia together.
The distinction matters because the FDA-approved chronic migraine indication (Allergan Botox, October 2010) follows the PREEMPT 31-site 155 unit fixed protocol with strong randomized evidence; tension-type headache does not have an equivalent FDA-approved botulinum toxin indication and the evidence base is more limited though emerging. Randomized and observational studies (J Headache Pain 2022, DOI: 10.1186/s10194-022-01435-7; Toxins 2020, DOI: 10.3390/toxins12030170) report pericranial botulinum toxin reduction in headache day frequency and intensity in chronic tension-type headache at total doses 60 to 100 units across frontalis (10 to 20 units), temporalis (20 to 40 units), occipitalis (15 to 30 units) and trapezius (20 to 30 units). The evidence quality is not at PREEMPT level and patients should be informed before treatment that tension-type headache is an off-label indication relative to migraine.
At Kind Global Clinic Myeongdong, both co-directors personally administer Tension Headache Botox — there is no nurse delegation, no junior-doctor rotation. The consultation differentiates chronic TTH from chronic migraine (different protocols: PREEMPT for migraine, pericranial for TTH) and from secondary headache disorders requiring neurology workup. Patient eligibility for the TTH protocol requires headache diary documenting bilateral pressing pattern at 8 or more days per month over 3 months, failure or limited response to 4 to 8 weeks of first-line management (NSAID short course, postural and ergonomic correction, stress management), and no red-flag features. Brand, lot number, exact unit count per muscle and the patient's headache diary baseline are recorded on the patient chart.